Graftandgrit
Stages
Idea and validation
Pre-seed
Seed
Series A
Scaling
Profitability
acquisition
MBO
IPO
Winding down
Funding
angels
syndicates
VC
corporate VC
SEIS
EIS
Innovate UK grants
British Business Bank
EIC Accelerator
Horizon Europe
national innovation agencies
revenue-based finance
grants
R&D tax credits
venture debt
equity platforms
rewards platforms
Bootstrapping and customer-funded growth
Secondaries and founder liquidity
Bridge rounds and extensions
Down rounds and recapitalisations
SAFEs, convertible loan notes and ASAs in Europe
Valuation caps and discounts
Due diligence: what investors actually ask for
Building
Finding a co-founder
Equity splits and vesting
First ten hires
Product-market fit
Pricing your product
First sales and outbound
Building in public
Advisors and boards
Founder mental health and burnout
Co-founder disputes and how they end
Naming, trademarks and the EUIPO
Patents and the Unitary Patent
Open source licensing choices
Selling into the public sector in Europe
First international expansion
Running
Cash flow and runway
Unit economics
Incorporation across Europe
VAT and cross-border tax
Employment law by country
Share options for employees
Cap table management
Ltd
GmbH
UG
SAS
BV
AB
Oy
SL
OU
Sp. z o.o
GDPR and data protection basics for startups
EU AI Act obligations for product teams
Hiring across borders and employer of record
Payroll and social contributions by country
Banking and getting an account as a foreign founder
professional indemnity
D and O
Ecosystems
London
Berlin
Paris
Amsterdam
Stockholm
Lisbon
Barcelona
Dublin
Tallinn
Warsaw
Zurich
Milan
Copenhagen
Helsinki
Munich
Madrid
Vienna
Athens
Bucharest
Vilnius
Riga
Prague
Oslo
Manchester
Cambridge
Sofia
News
Investors
Seedcamp
LocalGlobe
Point Nine
Cherry Ventures
Speedinvest
Kima Ventures
Entrepreneur First
Index Ventures
Accel
Balderton
Atomico
Northzone
Creandum
EQT Ventures
Lakestar
HV Capital
Earlybird
Sofinnova Partners
Y Combinator
Techstars
Antler
Station F
Rockstart
EIT programmes
Angel networks and syndicates
Corporate venture arms
Sovereign and state backed funds: British Business Bank, Bpifrance, EI
How to read a term sheet
What each fund actually invests in
Sectors
Fintech and payments
Deeptech and semiconductors
Climate tech and energy
Health tech and biotech
AI and machine learning
B2B SaaS
Marketplaces and commerce
Mobility and logistics
Defence and dual use
Space
Gaming
Agritech and food
Mobility and logistics
Mobility and logistics - reporting from Graftandgrit.
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